The relationship between individuals' use of complementary and alternative medicine during the pandemic in Turkey and their attitudes towards perceived COVID-19 risk.

Introduction: The perceived COVID-19 risk may lead to the use of various complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modalities to reduce the potential risks of this disease. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between individuals' use of complementary and alternative medicine during the pandemic in Turkey and their attitudes towards perceived COVID-19 risk. Methods: The study was conducted in Turkey between November 2021 and March 2022 and 1003 individuals voluntarily participated. The Personal Information Form, Attitude Towards Holistic Complementary and Alternative Medicine Scale (HCAMS), and Perceived COVID-19 Risk Scale (PCRS) were used for data collection. To evaluate the data descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and Cronbach's alpha reliability analysis were used. Results: In the study, 54.2% of the individuals were found to use CAM during the pandemic, and 56.2% believed that CAM practices were useful in preventing or recovering from COVID-19. It was revealed that 53.8% of the individuals drank herbal tea, 55.2% used religious and spiritual healing to manage, 6.6% used massage, and 10.1% applied aromatherapy. The mean total score of the HCAMS was 28.29 ± 4.99, and the mean total score of the perceived COVID-19 risk scale was 27.78 ± 6.35. A statistically significant positive correlation was identified between the CAM subscale and the emotional risk subscale (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Individuals had a positive attitude towards using CAM during the pandemic period, the risk perception of COVID-19 was high and CAM methods were widely used.The literature should be supported by increasing the current and scientific studies in which CAM methods are questioned and their benefits are investigated during epidemic periods.

Examining the Influence of Housing Conditions and Daily Greenspace Exposure on People's Perceived COVID-19 Risk and Distress.

Many people have worried about COVID-19 infection, job loss, income reduction, and family conflict during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some social groups may be particularly vulnerable due to their residential neighborhoods and daily activities. On the other hand, people's daily exposure to greenspace offers promising pathways for reducing these worries associated with COVID-19. Using data collected with a questionnaire and a two-day activity diary from two typical neighborhoods in Hong Kong, this study examines how people's housing conditions and daily greenspace exposure affect their perceived COVID-19 risk and distress (i.e., worries about job loss, income reduction, and family conflict) during the pandemic. First, the study compares people's perceived COVID-19 risk and distress based on their residential neighborhoods. Further, it examines the associations between people's perceived COVID-19 risk and distress with their housing conditions and daily greenspace exposure using ordinal logistic regression models. The results indicate that living in a high-risk neighborhood, being married, renting a residential unit, and living in a large household are significantly associated with a higher neighborhood-based perceived COVID-19 risk and distress during the pandemic. In addition, people also reported lower mobility-based perceived COVID-19 risk when compared to their neighborhood-based perceived COVID-19 risk, while they still have a high perceived COVID-19 risk in their occupational venues if they have to work in a high-risk district (e.g., Kowloon). Lastly, daily greenspace exposure (i.e., woodland) could reduce people's perceived COVID-19 risk and distress. These results have important implications for the public health authority when formulating the measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Survey data on perceived COVID-19 risk, COVID-19 vaccine perception, and COVID-19 vaccination intention among Vietnamese.

In the context of the COVID-19 response, this study presents an illustrated dataset to examine trust, COVID-19 risk perception, COVID-19 vaccination perception, subject norms, social media and intention to vaccinate among Vietnamese. Our questionnaire was conducted in Vietnamese and then translated into English and distributed to respondents through email and Facebook from June to July 2021, gathering 329 responses. Participation was voluntary, and participants were allowed to withdraw from the survey at any time. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS 24.0 and Smart PLS 3.0 software packages following data cleansing and coding. The data summarizes respondents' socio-economic and demographic characteristics, and Statistical techniques were deployed to assess the validity and reliability of scales relating to COVID-19 vaccination intention in Vietnam. Additionally, these data will contribute to the existing literature about COVID-19 vaccination perceptions and intention to vaccinate among Vietnamese.

A Moderated Mediation Analysis of the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Well-Being and Sport Readiness of Italian Team Sports Players: The Role of Perceived Safety of the Training Environment.

BACKGROUND: The protective restrictions (e.g., lockdowns, quarantines, social and physical distancing) consequent to the global pandemic caused by COVID-19 posited new challenges to athletes practicing competitive team sports. This study aimed to gain an understanding of the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being and sports readiness to train and to compete of competitive female and male athletes practicing outdoor (i.e., rugby, soccer) and indoor (i.e., volleyball, basketball) team sports who were active during the Italian first and second waves of COVID-19. METHODS: An online survey assessing demographic characteristics, perceived safety of the training environment, COVID-19 risk, fear of COVID-19, well-being, and sport (training and competition) readiness was administered to 619 team sports players. We examined differences by gender, previous COVID-19 experience, and team sport setting (i.e., outdoor vs. indoor). A moderated mediation analysis was conducted to assess the impact of perceived COVID-19 risk and fear of COVID-19 on athletes' well-being and sports readiness, using perceived safety of the training environment as a mediator and gender and sport setting as moderators. RESULTS: Indoor team sports and female athletes showed higher perceived COVID-19 risk, while athletes with no-COVID-19 experience reported higher fear of COVID-19. Perceived COVID-19 risk (directly and via perceived safety of the training environment) and fear of COVID-19 were negatively associated with athletes' well-being and sports readiness. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlighted an understanding of the psychological implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the role of the perceived safety of the training environment on athletes' well-being and sports readiness. Future studies may advance safety-based interventions to promote well-being and a safer return to sport.

Factors Influencing E-payment Adoption. Case Study: Pandemic COVID-19

The context of the COVID-19 pandemic has driven consumers to use remote and contactless services. Indeed, and in order to avoid any kind of contamination, it was recommended by international health authorities to adopt a policy of physical distance. This policy has had an impact on consumer behavior and on the way in which consumers make a purchase. Thus, some consumers, fearing the risk of being contaminated, have begun to prefer online purchases and consequently the use of electronic payments (E-payments). This study aims to analyze the intention to adopt E-payments during the COVID-19 pandemic. It suggests the effect of perceived risk, perceived security, trust, social distancing, and Internet experience on the behavioral intent to adopt E-payments in Morocco during the pandemic. The proposed research model was developed by extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explain and predict consumers’ intentions to adopt these e-services. This study stands out for its originality in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, new variables such as COVID-19 perceived risk and social distancing with multiple impacts on consumer purchasing behavior are included in the model. It thus enriches the existing literature on E-payments adoption models, especially since there is no similar research on the Moroccan market. In addition, the conceptual model proposed in this study can provide important guidance to firms wishing to define appropriate strategies to promote the use of electronic payments. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Exploring the dynamic relationships between risk perception and behavior in response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak.

The relationships between risk perception and related behavior form a fundamental theme in risk analysis. Despite increasing attentions on the temporal dimension of risk perception and behavior in recent literature, the dynamic relationships between these two constructs remain understudied. Infectious disease outbreaks, such as the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, provide a key setting for analyzing evolving perceptions of and responses to natural or human-induced hazards. The main objectives of this research are: (1) to assess temporal changes in cognitive and affective dimensions of perceived COVID-19 risk as well as related protective behavior; and (2) to explore the dynamic relationships between COVID-19 risk perception and behavioral responses. Timely data on changing risk perception and behavior related to the COVID-19 outbreak were collected through two series of online surveys from four major cities (Seattle, Los Angeles, Chicago, and New York City; N = 736) and the central Midwest region of the United States (N = 1240) respectively during March-August 2020. The analysis revealed that: (1) the cognitive and affective dimensions of perceived COVID-19 risk and preventive behavior all changed over time; (2) there were both within- and across-time correlations between COVID-19 risk perception indicators and preventive actions; and (3) preventive actions showed varied feedback effects on individual aspects of perceived COVID-19 risk over time. Findings from this research support and expand major conceptual approaches to changing relationships between risk perception and behavior, particularly the risk reappraisal hypothesis. The study also has useful implications for health risk management and future research directions.